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In every language we find groups of words that share grammatical characteristics. These groups are called "parts of speech," and we examine them in this chapter and the next. Though many writers on language refer to "the eight parts of speech" (e.g., Weaver 1996: 254), the actual number of parts of speech we need to recognize in a language is determined by how finegrained our analysis of the language is-the more fine-grained, the greater the number of parts of speech that will be distinguished. In this book we distinguish nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs (the major parts of speech), and pronouns, wh-words, articles, auxiliary verbs, prepositions, intensifiers, conjunctions, and particles (the minor parts of speech).